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Bayesian evaluation of hadron-quark phase transition models through neutron star observables in light of nuclear and astrophysics data

Authors: Debanjan Guha Roy, Anagh Venneti, Tuhin Malik, Swastik Bhattacharya, Sarmistha Banik

Ref.: Phy. Lett. B (PLB) Volume 859, 139128 (2024)

Abstract: We investigate the role of hybrid and nucleonic equations of state (EOSs) within neutron star (NS) interiors using Bayesian inference to evaluate their alignment with recent observational data from NICER and LIGO-Virgo (LV) collaborations. By focusing on smooth Maxwell-like hadron-quark phase transitions, we find that hybrid EOSs are slightly favoured in explaining NS mass-radius relations, particularly for pulsars such as PSR J0030+0451 and PSR J0740+6620. However, this preference is not definitive, as gravitational wave (GW) data does not significantly differentiate between hybrid and nucleonic models. Our analysis also reveals tensions between older NICER data and recent measurements for PSR J0437$-$4715, highlighting the need for more flexible EOS models. Through two sampling approaches, we demonstrate that the hybrid EOS model can incorporate stiffer EOSs, resulting in a better agreement with NICER data but leading to higher tidal deformability, which is less consistent with GW observations. Additionally, the study shows that hybrid EOSs achieve conformality at lower densities, suggesting the presence of quark matter at densities above 2.5 times the nuclear saturation density.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2024.139128

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