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Variation of the general mixing rule to explore the interphase in the AC electrical conductivity of polypropylene melt-mixed with as-grown carbon nanofiber composites
Authors: Aribou, N.; Paleo, A.J.; Jaime Silva; Tavares, C.J.; Achour, M.E.
Ref.: Phys. B Condens. Matter. 714, 417420 (2025)
Abstract: A variation of the phenomenological mixing rule model is used to study the AC electrical conductivity of meltextruded polypropylene (PP) compounds with varying carbon nanofibre (CNF) contents (0-1.4 vol %). The results show an insulator-conductor transition at 0.9 vol % CNF content, where the conductivity reaches similar to 4 x 10(-8) S m(-1) at 430 Hz, while at the highest CNF loading of 1.4 vol % increases up to similar to 6 x 10(-6) S m(-1), which makes them suitable as electrostatic dissipative (ESD) materials. From the modified mixing rule model, it is shown that the electrical conductivity (sigma(int)) and the volume constant (k), associated with the interphase, increase and decrease with the frequency, respectively, while the volume concentration of the interphase (phi(int)), despite increasing linearly with increasing vol. % of CNFs, decreases as frequencies increase, demonstrating that its effect becomes smaller as the frequency increases.
